How to Effectively Organize your Photoshop Layers

An awesome article about organizing Photoshop layer if you are a web designer: How to Effectively Organize your Photoshop Layers

Immersed particle method for fluid-structure interaction

Immersed particle method for fluid-structure interaction: "A method for treating fluid-structure interaction of fracturing structures under impulsive loads is described. The coupling method is simple and does not require any modifications when the structure fails and allows fluid to flow through openings between crack surfaces. Both the fluid and the structure are treated by meshfree methods. For the structure, a Kirchhoff-Love shell theory is adopted and the cracks are treated by introducing either discrete (cracking particle method) or continuous (partition of unity-based method) discontinuities into the approximation. Coupling is realized by a master-slave scheme where the structure is slave to the fluid. The method is aimed at problems with high-pressure and low-velocity fluids, and is illustrated by the simulation of three problems involving fracturing cylindrical shells coupled with fluids. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd."

The dynamics of a changing range genetic algorithm

The dynamics of a changing range genetic algorithm: "The formalism is presented for modelling of a genetic algorithm (GA) with an adjustment of a search space size, which assumes that the environment and the population form a unique system; it establishes a dynamic balance and convergence towards an optimal solution. The paper describes the effect of an adjustment of a search space size of GA on the macroscopic statistical properties of population such as the average fitness and the variance fitness of population. The equations of motion were derived for the one-max problem that expressed the macroscopic statistical properties of population after reproductive genetic operators and an adjustment of a search space size in terms of those prior to the operation. Predictions of the theory are compared with experiments and are shown to predict the average fitness and the variance fitness of the final population accurately. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd."